> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://4revs.gitbook.io/handbook/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://4revs.gitbook.io/handbook/chapters/ocean-optimism/references.md).

# References

\[1] How much water is in the ocean? (2023, May 6). Retrieved from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: <https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanwater.html#:\\~:text=About%2097%20percent%20of%20Earth's,in%20glaciers%20and%20ice%20caps>.

\[2] The ocean – the world’s greatest ally against climate change. (2023). Retrieved from United Nations: <https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/ocean#:\\~:text=The%20ocean%20generates%2050%20percent,the%20impacts%20of%20climate%20change>.

\[3] Osborne, M. (2023, July 27). A Vital Ocean Current System Could Collapse as Soon as 2025, Study Predicts. Retrieved from Smithsonian: <https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-vital-ocean-current-system-could-collapse-as-soon-as-2025-study-predicts-180982605/>

\[4] Climate Impacts on Agriculture and Food Supply. (n.d.). Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency: <https://climatechange.chicago.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-agriculture-and-food-supply>

\[5] How to save the planet part 2 (2021). Retrieved from: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4ffwzLCw-o>

\[6] Soloviev, A., & Lukas, R. (2013). The Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean: Structure, Dynamics and Applications. Springer.

\[7] Water Vapor, CO2, and Global Warming. (2010, September 23). Retrieved from IEDRO: <https://iedro.org/articles/water-vapor-and-global-warming/#:\\~:text=Water%20vapor%20accounts%20for%2060,when%20numbers%20alone%20are%20compared>.

\[8] Climate Impacts on Agriculture and Food Supply. (2023). Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency: <https://climatechange.chicago.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-agriculture-and-food-supply>

\[9] Ocean Acidification. (2023). Retrieved from Smithsonian: <https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/ocean-acidification>

\[10] Viaene, C. (2023, June 6). Why a regenerative approach is needed to achieve our global marine biodiversity agenda. Retrieved from Economist Impact - World Ocean Initiative: <https://impact.economist.com/ocean/ocean-and-climate/why-a-regenerative-approach-is-needed-to-achieve-our-global-marine>

\[11] Saved by seaweed: nuns and Native women heal polluted New York waters using kelp. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Guardian: <https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/27/shinnecock-tribe-nuns-kelp-farm-long-island-bay>

\[12] Marine fish are responding to ocean warming by relocating towards the poles. (2023, May 30). Retrieved from Phys.org: <https://phys.org/news/2023-05-marine-fish-ocean-relocating-poles.html>

\[13] Blue Economy: oceans as the next great economic frontier. (2022, March 14). Retrieved from United Nations: <https://unric.org/en/blue-economy-oceans-as-the-next-great-economic-frontier/>

\[14] United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). (2021). Retrieved from Unesco: <https://en.unesco.org/ocean-decade>

\[15] Owen, N. (2022, May 4). Belize: Swapping Debt for Nature. Retrieved from International Monetary Fund: <https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2022/05/03/CF-Belize-swapping-debt-for-nature>

\[16] Bisson, K., Boss, E., Dutciewickz, S., Henson, S., & Cael, B. B. (2023). Global climate-change trends detected in indicators of ocean ecology. Nature, 551-554. Retrieved from: <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06321-z>

\[17] Marine and Ocean Pollution - Statistics & Facts. (n.d.). Retrieved from Condor Ferries: <https://www.condorferries.co.uk/marine-ocean-pollution-statistics-facts>

\[18] Overfishing puts more than one-third of all sharks, rays, and chimaeras at risk of extinction. (2021, September 08). Retrieved from WWF: <https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/overfishing-puts-more-than-one-third-of-all-sharks-rays-and-chimaeras-at-risk-of-extinction>

\[19] Gibbens, S. (2018, February 23). Industrial Fishing Occupies a Third of the Planet. Retrieved from National Geographic: <https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/global-industrial-fishing-footprint-spd>

\[20] Marine and Ocean Pollution - Statistics & Facts. (2023). Retrieved from Condor Ferries: <https://www.condorferries.co.uk/marine-ocean-pollution-statistics-facts>

\[21] “Ubiquitous” – Scientists Discover That the Oceans Release Microplastics Into the Atmosphere. (2023, August 18). Retrieved from Sci Tech Daily: <https://scitechdaily.com/ubiquitous-scientists-discover-that-the-oceans-release-microplastics-into-the-atmosphere/?expand\\_article=1>

\[22] Explained: Study finds it’s raining microplastics, should we be concerned about our health? . (2022, December 22). Retrieved from Wion: <https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-study-finds-its-raining-microplastics-should-we-be-concerned-about-our-health-543789>

\[23]Choosing sustainable materials. (2023). Retrieved from IKEA: <https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/sustainable-everyday/sustainable-materials/>

\[24] Recycle Program. (n.d.). Retrieved from IKEA: <https://www.ikea.com/in/en/product-guides/sustainable-products/recycle-program-pub1a5a43b0>

\[25] Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K., & Rangaswamy, M. R. (2009, September). Why Sustainability Is Now the Key Driver of Innovation. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review: <https://hbr.org/2009/09/why-sustainability-is-now-the-key-driver-of-innovation>

\[26] Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2023). Retrieved from United Nations: <https://www.un.org/en/desa/5-reasons-you-should-care-about-our-ocean>

\[27] Thanks to Fast Fshion a Textile Landfill in Chile is Now Visible from Space. (2023, June 05). Retrieved from Waste 360: <https://www.waste360.com/textile/thanks-fast-fashion-textile-landfill-chile-now-visible-space#:\\~:text=Chile%27s%20Atacama%20Desert%2C%20the%20driest,to%20high%2Dresolution%20satellite%20images>.

\[28]<https://www.ftm.eu/articles/sustainable-clothing-brand-patagonia-uses-same-suppliers-fast-fashion-brands-do-workers-exploited>

\[29] Binsi, P. K., Visnuvinayagam, S., Viji, P., Zynudheen, A. A., & Chakrabarti, R. (2013). Fish scales - a biomaterial with versatile applications. Retrieved from Infofish: <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pk-Binsi-2/publication/280946372\\_Fish\\_scale\\_A\\_versatile\\_biomaterial/links/55ce081c08ae118c85bcad11/Fish-scale-A-versatile-biomaterial.pdf>

\[30] Cassidy, E. (2021, December 3). Tracking Ocean Plastic From Space. Retrieved from Earth Data: <https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/ocean-plastic>

\[31] Majchrowska, S., Mikolaczyk, A., Ferlin, M., Klawikowska, Z., Plantykow, M. A., Kwasigroch, A., & Majek, K. (2022). Deep learning-based waste detection in natural and urban environments. Elsevier, 274-284. Retrieved from <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X21006474>

\[32] 5 Ways AI is Helping Ocean Health. (2022, June 8). Retrieved from AI2: <https://blog.allenai.org/5-ways-ai-is-helping-ocean-health-df5c84c96c79>

\[33] 5 Ways AI is Helping Ocean Health. (2022, June 8). Retrieved from AI2: <https://blog.allenai.org/5-ways-ai-is-helping-ocean-health-df5c84c96c79>

\[34] What Is a Saildrone? (n.d.). Retrieved from Saildrone: <https://www.saildrone.com/technology/vehicles>

\[35] Stopping Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ocean Mind: <https://www.oceanmind.global/>

\[36] (n.d.). Retrieved from Bureo: <https://bureo.co/>

\[37] Kallenbach, E. M., Eriksen, T. E., Hurley, R. R., Jacobsen, D., Singdahl-Larsen, C., & Friberg, N. (2022). Plastic recycling plant as a point source of microplastics to sediment and macroinvertebrates in a remote stream. Microplastics and Nanoplastics, 2(1), 1-15.

\[38] Restoring Our World's Dying Coral Reefs. (2023). Retrieved from Coral Vita: <https://www.coralvita.co/>

\[39] PLASTIC IN OUR OCEANS IS KILLING MARINE MAMMALS. (2023, June 27). Retrieved from World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Australia: <https://wwf.org.au/blogs/plastic-in-our-oceans-is-killing-marine-mammals/>

\[40] Tackling Trash in Rivers. (2023). Retrieved from The Ocean Cleanup: <https://theoceancleanup.com/rivers/>

\[41] Ocean Trash: 5.25 Trillion Pieces and Counting, but Big Questions Remain. (2015). Retrieved from National Geographic: <https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ocean-trash-525-trillion-pieces-and-counting-big-questions-remain/>

\[42]Environmental Impact Assessment. (2023). Retrieved from <http://www.oceansplasticleanup.com/Cleaning\\_Up\\_Operations/The\\_Ocean\\_Cleanup/2018\\_Assessment\\_Environmental\\_Impact\\_The\\_Ocean\\_Cleanup\\_Project\\_July.htm>

\[43] Deep-Sea Mining. (2022, May). Retrieved from IUCN: <https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-brief/deep-sea-mining>

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